Reading
A) The test is a sort of experiment to see if somebody is sleep deprived. In fact it shows that if a person doesn’t wake up when the spoon falls on the plate positioned near the bed, he needs to sleep. In fact he sleeps so deeply that he doesn’t perceive the heavy noise. The last sentence means that it is necessary to give more importance to sleeping. According to P.Martin we should give sleeping the same importance that we give to diet.
B, C & D)
1- The invention of the electric light change our sleep because now people don't get up any more with the sun and go to bed at nightfall. Nowadays our hours of sleep are mainly determined by an alarm clock.
3- Research has shown that naps are useful because they give more energy.
4- The average person sleeps only 6.2 hours at night during the week, but research has shown that is necessary to sleep eight or even eight and an half hours. The time of our sleeping can change according to profession. For example doctors are often sleep deprived especially when they are on “night call” and may get less than three hours sleep.
6- “Sleep debt” is the sleep not satisfied. We become sleep deprived for this sleep dept that can improve every day in which we don’t recover it.
7- The most popular drug is caffeine it’s used because it helps to keep us awake but it makes us more nervous and irritable.
8- According to resource driving very tired is as dangerous as driving when drunk. The difference is that driving when drunk is strictly forbidden by the law, whereas driving when exhausted isn’t.
9- People sleep less than they used to because in the modern age there are a lot of reasons not to sleep. For example in our society there are shops and services that are available all hours; mobile phones, TV and internet tempt us away from our beds.
11- Tiredness of engineers contributes to the worst nuclear incident in history at Chernobyl in 1986. This happened because the engineers, in the early hours of the morning, made a series of mistakes with catastrophic results.
12- The average person needs eight or even eight and half hours whereas the average adult sleeps only 6.2 hours a night during the week and this aspect causes the ‘sleep debt’.
F)
1- I agree with Paul Martin that we live in a sleep deprived society because in modern society the most people sleep less than they need to fell at their best. Firstly in our society there are a lot of reasons as distractions and amusements not to sleep. TV, mobile phones, internets tempt us away from our beds. Secondly our society is always on the move, most of the people have some engagements and cares that contribute to limit the time to sleep. In conclusion the result of sleep deprivation is a society irritable, unhappy and exhausted.
2- I think that it’s right that doctors who are ‘on night call’ sleep less than three because they don’t have the possibility to recover “sleep debt”. In fact in my opinion there’s a great difference between sleeping during the day and sleeping in the night. The first category of people sleep less because some activities must be done on the hours of daylight: for example taking child to school or making shopping. Therefore I agree with Paul Martin.
3- Yes I think it should be illegal to drive when the driver is exhausted and tired. The problem is how calculate when a person is completely worn out. I think tiredness is a subjective state and so each person should understand when the state of weariness is so deeply that is necessary to stop driving.
4- I think that the best three sleep tips are:
1) give a sleep a high priority in our life;
2) Listen to our body, if we feel tired, we probably need more sleep;
3) have a regular routine, try to go to bed at roughly the same time every day.
The first sleep tip is very important because sleeping is necessary to fell us better, happier and more relaxed. Therefore we should give sleeping the importance it deserves, otherwise we risk our health.
The second sleep tip is very interesting because if we listen our body we can fell happier and satisfied. The needs and the lacks of our body condition our behaviour. When a person is relaxed, he is happier outgoing and sociable.
The third sleep tip is important because it indicates the way to avoid sleep deprivation and to recover out sleep debts. This tip is strictly connected to the firs tip, in fact a regular life without excesses is fundamental to give sleep an high priority in our life